See кум in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*Kum",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/Kum"
],
[
"құм",
"құм#Kazakh"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Kyrgyz"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Crimean_Tatar"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Kumyk"
],
[
"ҡом",
"ҡом#Bashkir"
],
[
"ком",
"ком#Tatar"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Azerbaijani"
],
[
"kum",
"kum#Turkish"
],
[
"gum",
"gum#Turkmen"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Uzbek"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Khakas"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Shor"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Tuvan"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Western_Yugur"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡом"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡом (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "ком"
},
"expansion": "Tatar ком (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gum"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qum), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "alt-ndecl-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдар",
"roman": "kumdar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумныҥ",
"roman": "kumnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардыҥ",
"roman": "kumdardïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумга",
"roman": "kumga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарга",
"roman": "kumdarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумды",
"roman": "kumdï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарды",
"roman": "kumdardï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарда",
"roman": "kumdarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумнаҥ",
"roman": "kumnaŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардаҥ",
"roman": "kumdardaŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "у",
"2": "м"
},
"name": "alt-ndecl-c"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кумдарда",
"11": "кумнаҥ",
"12": "кумдардаҥ",
"2": "кумдар",
"3": "кумныҥ",
"4": "кумдардыҥ",
"5": "кумга",
"6": "кумдарга",
"7": "кумды",
"8": "кумдарды",
"9": "кумда"
},
"name": "alt-ndecl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 1 0 9 1 1 13 13 1 0 7 9 4 4 0 1 1 0 13 13 1 0 4 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 2 0 8 1 1 11 11 0 0 10 13 6 4 0 1 1 0 11 11 0 0 6 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-alt-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumak",
"word": "кумак"
}
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Christianity",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people",
"uk:Wolves"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*Kum",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/Kum"
],
[
"құм",
"құм#Kazakh"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Kyrgyz"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Crimean_Tatar"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Kumyk"
],
[
"ҡом",
"ҡом#Bashkir"
],
[
"ком",
"ком#Tatar"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Azerbaijani"
],
[
"kum",
"kum#Turkish"
],
[
"gum",
"gum#Turkmen"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Uzbek"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Khakas"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Shor"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Tuvan"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Western_Yugur"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡом"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡом (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "ком"
},
"expansion": "Tatar ком (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gum"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qum), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "alt-ndecl-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдар",
"roman": "kumdar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумныҥ",
"roman": "kumnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардыҥ",
"roman": "kumdardïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумга",
"roman": "kumga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарга",
"roman": "kumdarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумды",
"roman": "kumdï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарды",
"roman": "kumdardï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарда",
"roman": "kumdarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумнаҥ",
"roman": "kumnaŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардаҥ",
"roman": "kumdardaŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "у",
"2": "м"
},
"name": "alt-ndecl-c"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кумдарда",
"11": "кумнаҥ",
"12": "кумдардаҥ",
"2": "кумдар",
"3": "кумныҥ",
"4": "кумдардыҥ",
"5": "кумга",
"6": "кумдарга",
"7": "кумды",
"8": "кумдарды",
"9": "кумда"
},
"name": "alt-ndecl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Altai lemmas",
"Southern Altai nouns",
"Southern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumak",
"word": "кумак"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кум meaning in Southern Altai (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Southern Altai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.